Featured image of post IELTS备考-2

IELTS备考-2

IELTS Writing Task 1

一、表示增加或减少

表示增加(Increase)

(1)动词

  • 小幅增长:rise, grow, increase, climb
    e.g. The number of students grew slightly from 200 to 250.

  • 显著增长:surge, jump, rocket, soar
    e.g. The population soared to 10 million in 2020.

(2)名词

  • 小幅增长:a rise, an increase, a growth, an upward trend e.g. There was a slight rise in the number of tourists.

  • 显著增长:a surge, a jump, a boom e.g. The city experienced a dramatic surge in population.

(3)副词 + 形容词(修饰增减幅度)

  • 小幅:slightly, marginally, gradually, modestly e.g. The price of oil increased gradually over the year.

  • 大幅:sharply, significantly, steeply, dramatically, considerably, substantially e.g. The sales increased dramatically after the new product launch.

表示减少(Decrease)

(1)动词

  • 小幅下降:decrease, drop, fall, decline e.g. The unemployment rate fell slightly in 2019.

  • 显著下降:plunge, plummet, slump, collapse, dip e.g. The stock prices plummeted after the financial crisis.

(2)名词

  • 小幅下降:a fall, a decrease, a drop, a decline, a downward trend e.g. There was a slight drop in the crime rate.

  • 显著下降:a plunge, a slump, a collapse, a dip e.g. The company suffered a dramatic slump in revenue.

(3)副词 + 形容词(修饰下降幅度)

  • 小幅:slightly, marginally, gradually, modestly e.g. The birth rate declined gradually over the decade.

  • 大幅:sharply, significantly, steeply, dramatically, considerably, substantially e.g. The number of visitors dropped sharply in winter.

表示波动(Fluctuation)

(1)动词:fluctuate, vary, be volatile e.g. The stock market fluctuated throughout the year.

(2)名词:a fluctuation, a variation, volatility e.g. There was a noticeable fluctuation in fuel prices.

(3)副词 + 形容词:

  • 小幅波动:slightly, marginally → e.g. The data/statistics/figure fluctuated slightly over the period.

  • 大幅波动:sharply, significantly, dramatically → e.g. The price showed a sharp fluctuation in March.

表示稳定(Stability)

(1)动词:remain stable, stay constant, level off, reach a plateau

e.g. The temperature remained stable throughout the summer.

(2)名词:stability, a plateau

e.g. The trend showed a period of stability after 2015.

(3)副词 + 形容词:

e.g. The inflation rate remained relatively stable.

表示最高点和最低点

(1)最高点:

  • 动词:peak, reach a peak, hit the highest point e.g. The sales peaked at 500 units in July.

  • 名词:a peak, the highest level

e.g. The company’s revenue reached a peak in 2020.

(2)最低点:

  • 动词:hit a low, bottom out, reach the lowest point e.g. The number of visitors bottomed out in December.

  • 名词:a trough, the lowest level e.g. The employment rate hit a trough in 2018.

二、倍数表达法

  • 使用“倍数 + as + 形容词 + as”

    这种表达法适用于比较两个数值,通常用于 “A 是 B 的几倍”。

    结构: A is + 倍数 + as + 形容词 + as B

    示例:

    he population of City A is twice as large as that of City B.

    (A 城市的人口是 B 城市的 两倍。)

    The number of students in 2025 was three times as high as in 2010.

    (2025 年的学生人数是 2010 年的 三倍。)

    倍数表达方式:

    • 2 倍 twice as…as
    • 3 倍 three times as…as
    • 4 倍 four times as…as
    • n 倍 n times as…as
  • 使用“倍数 + 比较级 + than”

    适用于表示增长或减少的程度,强调两者之间的倍数差距。

    • 结构:A is + 倍数 + 比较级 + than B

    • 示例:

      The revenue in 2020 was three times higher than that in 2010.

      (2020 年的收入比 2010 年高两倍。)(包含底数在内的倍数~)

      The cost of living in City A is twice more expensive than in City B.

      (A 城市的生活成本是 B 城市的两倍。)

  • 使用“倍数 + the size/amount/level of”

    适用于描述数量、规模、水平等的倍数变化。

    • 结构:A is + 倍数 + the size/amount/level of B

    • 示例:

      The new shopping mall is twice the size of the old one.

      (新的购物中心是旧购物中心的 两倍大。)

      The profit this year is four times the amount of last year.

      (今年的利润是去年的 四倍。)

  • 使用“increase/decrease + by + 倍数”

    适用于描述数据的增长或减少,强调增长的倍数。

    • 结构:increase/decrease + by + 倍数

    • 示例:

      The number of cars increased by three times over the past decade.

      (过去十年间,汽车数量增长了 三倍。) to

      The company’s revenue decreased by half in 2023.

      (2023 年,该公司的收入下降了 一半。)

  • 使用“倍数 + what it was”

    适用于强调某个时间点的数据是过去的几倍。

    • 结构:A is + 倍数 + what it was + 时间状语

    • 示例:

      The population of the city is three times what it was 50 years ago.

      (这个城市的人口是 50 年前的 三倍。)

      The company’s revenue is twice what it was in 2010.

      (该公司的收入是 2010 年的 两倍。)

  • 其他倍数相关表达

    A saw a threefold increase in sales.

    (A 公司的销量增加了 三倍。)

    The number of visitors doubled between 2010 and 2020.

    (2010 年到 2020 年间,游客人数 翻了一倍。)

    The crime rate was halved over the decade.

    (犯罪率在十年间减少了一半。)

三、表示大约、低于、高于

  • 表示“大约”

    适用于描述不确定但接近某个数值的数据。

    (1)常用单词

    approximately(大约)

    about(大约)

    around(大约)

    roughly(大致)

    nearly(接近)

    almost(几乎)

    somewhere around(在……左右)

    (2)示例句

    The population of the city was approximately 2 million in 2020.

    (2020 年,该城市人口约 200 万。)

    The unemployment rate was around 5% in 2019.

    (2019 年的失业率 大约 为 5%。)

    The number of tourists reached roughly 10,000.

    (游客数量 大约 达到 10,000 人。)

  • 表示“低于”

    适用于描述数据比某个数值少。

    (1)常用单词

    below(低于)

    under(低于)

    less than(少于)

    fewer than(少于,适用于可数名词)

    just below(略低于)

    slightly below(略低于)

    marginally below(略低于)

    well below(远低于)

    (2)示例句

    The sales figures were below expectations.

    (销售数据 低于 预期。)

    The average salary was under $50,000 per year.

    (平均工资 低于 每年 50,000 美元。)

    The unemployment rate remained less than 3%.

    (失业率维持在 低于 3%。)

    The student enrollment was slightly below 20,000.

    (学生入学人数 略低于 20,000 人。)

  • 表示“高于”

    适用于描述数据比某个数值多。

    (1)常用单词

    above(高于)

    over(超过)

    more than(多于)

    greater than(大于)

    exceed(超过)

    surpass(超过)

    just above(略高于)

    slightly above(略高于)

    marginally above(略高于)

    well above(远高于)

    (2)示例句

    The temperature was above 30°C in summer.

    (夏天的气温 高于 30°C。)

    The number of participants was over 1,000.

    (参赛人数 超过 1,000 人。)

    The company’s revenue exceeded $5 million.

    (公司的收入 超过 500 万美元。)

    The literacy rate was slightly above 95%.

    (识字率 略高于 95%。)

  • 结合表达

    可以结合大约、低于、高于来更准确描述数据:

    just over / just above(略高于)

    just under / just below(略低于)

    somewhere between… and…(介于……和……之间)

    示例句:

    The population was just over 10 million in 2021.

    (2021 年人口 略高于 1,000 万。)

    The unemployment rate was just under 5%.

    (失业率 略低于 5%。)

    The price was somewhere between $10and10 and $15.

    (价格在 10 到 15 美元之间。)

四、进一步阐释的衔接词

This means(这意味着)

  • 用法:

    用于解释某个数据的 含义、影响或推论,相当于 “This implies” 或 “This indicates”。 常用于推导结论、解释数据的意义或趋势。

  • 句型:

    A + increased/decreased, this means + 结果

    This means that + 句子

  • 示例:

    The number of online shoppers increased by 20% in 2023. This means that e-commerce is becoming more popular.

    (2023 年在线购物者数量增长了 20%,这意味着 电子商务正变得越来越受欢迎。)

    The unemployment rate dropped to 3%. This means fewer people are out of work.

    (失业率下降到 3%,这意味着 失业人数减少了。)

    The population aged 65 and above accounted for 25% of the total. This means that the country is experiencing an aging society.

    (65 岁及以上人口占总人口的 25%,这意味着 该国正在经历老龄化。)

This represents(这代表/占……) This ….. amounts to an increase of 10%

  • 用法:

    用于说明某个数据或比例在整体中的占比或意义,相当于 “This accounts for” 或 “This constitutes”。

    适用于 百分比、比例、数据变化 的描述。

  • 句型:

    A represents B(A 代表 B)

    A represents X% of B(A 占 B 的 X%)

  • 示例:

    Renewable energy represents 35% of the total electricity production.

    (可再生能源 占 总发电量的 35%。)

    The number of electric cars sold in 2024 represents a significant increase compared to the previous year.

    (2024 年销售的电动车数量 代表 相较前一年的显著增长。)

    The government’s budget for education represents 15% of total expenditure.

    (政府的教育预算 占 总支出的 15%。)

This amounts to(这相当于/总计为)

  • 用法:

    用于描述 总数、金额、时间、成本 等的计算结果,意思类似于 “This equals” 或 “This totals”。常用于累计数据的表达,表示一个数据加起来等于多少。

  • 句型:

    A amounts to B(A 相当于 B)

    This amounts to + 数字/比例/结论

  • 示例:

    The total revenue amounts to $5 million this year.

    (今年的总收入 相当于 500 万美元。)

    The water consumption per household amounts to 500 liters per week.

    (每户的用水量 总计 每周 500 升。)

    The increase in tuition fees amounts to an additional cost of $2,000 per student per year.

    (学费的上涨 相当于 每名学生每年额外支付 2000 美元。)

五、其他好用的表达

  • 表示“变化趋势”

    适用于描述数据变化的趋势而非具体数值。

    (1)show a tendency to…(呈现……的趋势)

    e.g. The birth rate showed a tendency to decline after 2010.

    (2)follow an upward/downward trajectory(呈上升/下降轨迹)

    e.g. The stock prices followed an upward trajectory throughout the year.

    (3)demonstrate a steady pattern(表现出稳定的模式)

    e.g. The sales figures demonstrated a steady pattern over the decade.

    (4)experience a period of stability(经历一段稳定期)

    e.g. The inflation rate experienced a period of stability from 2015 to 2018.

  • 表示“起伏波动”

    适用于描述数据在一段时间内波动变化。

    (1)fluctuate wildly/slightly(大幅/小幅波动)

    e.g. The oil prices fluctuated wildly due to market uncertainty.

    (2)go through ups and downs(经历起伏变化)

    e.g. The housing market went through ups and downs over the decade.

    (3)remain volatile(保持波动)

    e.g. The exchange rate remained volatile throughout the year.

    (4)witness erratic changes(见证不规律的变化)

    e.g. The stock market witnessed erratic changes in the first quarter.

  • 表示“达到某个点”

    适用于描述数据到达某个高点或低点。

    (1)reach a new peak(达到新高)

    e.g. The demand for electric vehicles reached a new peak in 2023.

    (2)hit an all-time high/low(达到历史最高/最低点)

    e.g. The unemployment rate hit an all-time low in 2021.

    (3)bottom out(触底反弹)

    e.g. The stock prices bottomed out in March before recovering.

    (4)plateau at…(稳定在……)

    e.g. The number of tourists plateaued at around 1 million.

  • 表示“速度快慢”

    适用于描述变化的快慢程度。

    (1)change at a rapid pace(以快速速度变化)

    e.g. The number of internet users changed at a rapid pace.

    (2)see a sluggish increase(缓慢增长)

    e.g. The aging population saw a sluggish increase over the decade.

    (3)progress gradually(逐步变化)

    e.g. The cost of living progressed gradually over the years.

    (4)surge abruptly(突然激增)

    e.g. The sales of masks surged abruptly during the pandemic.

  • 表示“比较两种趋势”

    适用于描述两个数据对比的趋势。

    (1)move in opposite directions(朝相反方向变化)

    e.g. The price of gold and the stock market moved in opposite directions.

    (2)follow a similar/opposite pattern(遵循相似/相反模式)

    e.g. The trends in urban and rural areas followed a similar pattern.

    (3)diverge significantly(显著分化)

    e.g. The GDP growth rates of the two countries diverged significantly after 2015.

六、介绍数据/图表

在小作文的开头,通常需要介绍图表类型和主要内容。

常用句型

  • The graph/chart/table/diagram illustrates/shows/compares…

e.g. The bar chart illustrates the number of tourists visiting three different countries from 2010 to 2020.

(柱状图展示了 2010 年到 2020 年间访问三个不同国家的游客数量。)

  • The data is measured in…(数据单位是…)

e.g. The figures are measured in percentages.

(数据以百分比为单位。)

  • The table provides information on…(表格提供了关于…的信息)

e.g. The table provides information on the population growth in five major cities.

(表格提供了五个主要城市的人口增长情况。)

过渡与对比(Transitions & Comparisons)

用于连接数据变化、不同类别或时间段之间的比较。

  • 表示对比

    In contrast to…(与……相比)

    e.g. In contrast to 2010, the employment rate in 2020 was significantly higher.

    (与 2010 年相比,2020 年的就业率明显更高。)

    Compared with…(与……相比)

    e.g. Compared with 2005, the number of students increased by 50%.

    (与 2005 年相比,学生人数增长了 50%。)

    While A increased, B decreased.(A 增加,而 B 下降)

    e.g. While the price of oil increased, the cost of natural gas dropped sharply.

    (石油价格上涨,而天然气价格大幅下降。)

  • 表示相似

    A and B follow a similar pattern.(A 和 B 遵循相似的模式)

    e.g. The trends in Europe and Asia follow a similar pattern.

    (欧洲和亚洲的趋势相似。)

    Both A and B show an upward trend.(A 和 B 都呈上升趋势)

    e.g. Both the US and Canada show an upward trend in energy consumption.

    (美国和加拿大的能源消耗都呈上升趋势。)

强调数据变化

用于突出某个数据的变化幅度、重要性。

  • 表示“显著变化”

    There was a dramatic increase in…(……有显著增长)

    e.g. There was a dramatic increase in the number of electric vehicles sold.

    (电动车的销量大幅增长。)

    The figure rose significantly to…(数据显著上升到……)

    e.g. The number of tourists rose significantly to 2 million in 2022.

    (2022 年游客人数显著增长到 200 万。)

    A sharp decline was observed in…(在……中观察到急剧下降)

    e.g. A sharp decline was observed in the birth rate between 2010 and 2020.

    (2010 年到 2020 年间,出生率急剧下降。)

  • 表示“小幅变化”

    There was a slight increase in…(……略有增长)

    e.g. There was a slight increase in the number of online courses.

    (在线课程的数量略有增长。)

    The number remained relatively stable at…(数量保持相对稳定在……)

    e.g. The unemployment rate remained relatively stable at around 5%.

    (失业率保持相对稳定在 5% 左右。)

预测趋势或推断

在某些题型(如动态折线图)中,可能需要推测未来趋势。

  • 表达未来趋势

    It is predicted that…(据预测……)forecast

    e.g. It is predicted that the number of electric vehicles will continue to rise.

    (据预测,电动车数量将持续增长。)

    This trend is expected to continue.(预计这一趋势将继续)

    e.g. The demand for solar energy is expected to continue growing.

    (太阳能的需求预计会继续增长。)

  • 表达可能性

    It is likely that…(很可能……)

    e.g. It is likely that internet usage will increase further.

    (互联网使用率很可能会进一步上升。)

    There is a high possibility that…(有很大可能……)

    e.g. There is a high possibility that global temperatures will keep rising.

    (全球气温很可能继续上升。)

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